2008 - The Year of the Rat: Juunishi,
the Twelve Branches
Juunishi,
literally "12 branches," is mainly known for its 12-year cycles where
an animal is assigned to each year. In Japan these zodiac animal years
receive more attention and are more widely used in fortune-telling than
the zodiacal signs used in astrology.
This year, 2008, is
"The Year of the Rat," or nedoshi in Japanese. (ne
from nezumi [rat] + doshi
[year])
The juunishi
system is believed to have originated in China during the Yin Dynasty
(c. 1600 - 1000 B.C.). Below are the kanji
used for each of the animal branches, their readings, and the supposed
characteristics and fortunes of those born in that year. Take a look
and see if you agree.
If you don't know
which animal you are, find out in my Handy
Tables of Japanese Years.
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KANJI1
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READING2
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CHARACTERISTICS3
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ne
rat
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People born in
"The Year of the Rat" are honest, frugal,
and good at saving money; but easily fall into bad relationships. While
appearing to be soft on the outside, they can be angered easily, and
will sometimes act in ways which are the opposite of normal human
behavior. In time they completely forget past grudges, and will form
positive associations with those with whom they once had disagreements.
Though "Rats" are susceptible to folly during their middle-age years,
if they overcome their weaknesses they can ultimately live a life which
brings peace and stability to their grandchildren.
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ushi
ox
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"Year of the
Ox" people are impatient and often get
angry over even trivial things, hampering relationships with others.
They never really form strong bonds with family members, and experience
various trials during their childhood years. Though they may not appear
to progress very well in their work, "Ox Year" people have great
endurance and stick with a task once their mind is made up to do so.
However mundane their vocation may appear, working at it faithfully
affords a life of ease and comfort in later years.
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tora
tiger
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"Tigers"
possess a good sense of judgment, are strong
during times of trouble, and have an enterprising nature which brings
success in many endeavors. Their stubbornness often brings them into
arguments, even with superiors, which neutralizes their good luck; but
a strong moral sense wins them the praise of their peers. Though
failures are experienced in money matters, good judgment and a
competitive spirit are eventually rewarded with security later on.
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u
rabbit
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People born in
"The Year of the Rabbit" are peaceful,
caring, and good with relationships, but have a tendency to talk too
much, which often gets them into trouble. Likes and dislikes are many,
and a fickle nature sometimes gets in the way of success. Concentrating
on one thing is also difficult. After overcoming their weaknesses,
"Rabbits" often settle down into comfortable lifestyles which are
envied by others.
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tatsu
dragon
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"Dragon Year"
people are born with a winning spirit that
helps them get through times of tribulation, but this same spirit
sometimes causes them to attack others before considering the complete
situation. Their fate is very changeable, bringing them unbelievable
good fortune one day, then loss on the next. By using their inherent
charitable qualities and controlling the negative ones, "Dragons" can
be a great strength to others and ultimately lead very fulfilling lives.
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mi
snake
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Though they
may appear to be soft and yielding, people
born in "The Year of the Snake" have a strong element in their
character which enables them to see big projects through to a
successful conclusion. A methodical approach to things allows them
rapid progression, but relationships often sour because they are slow
to trust others. "Snakes" tend to have weak family ties and marriage
problems. Thinking over matters too deeply often clouds judgment and
causes hesitation, resulting in missed opportunities. Learning from
experience helps to balance out their personality, which leads to good
fortune in later years.
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uma
horse
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"Horse Year"
people enjoy helping others, and are
admired for doing so; but their tendency to say what they feel often
creates enemies, even among those who have received their help. Finding
it difficult to concentrate on any single task, "Horses" have few
successes to show for all the work they do. In spite of this, a
cheerful nature keeps them from brooding over misfortune, and
eventually brings them unexpected success. Good fortune comes to these
people during the opening years of old age.
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hitsuji
sheep
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Those born in
"The Year of the Sheep" are kind, honest,
and have a charitable nature. Though religious, they seem to have more
than their fair share of hardships. Being timid makes them wary of
others, and sometimes the cares of the world seem overwhelming to them.
If they work at overcoming their weaknesses, they will receive help
from their elders which brings success. Trials up to the age of 50 will
be many, but after that "Sheep" can look forward to a long, pleasant
life of peace and happiness.
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saru
monkey
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People born in
"The Year of the Monkey" are inquisitive,
clever, and quick-witted. Their enterprising nature brings them
remarkable success early in life. The fact that they enjoy helping
others wins them friends, but the bad habit of talking too much often
makes enemies. Trusting others too quickly occasionally brings
disappointment. If sufficient effort is made to correct the tendency to
act blindly, "Monkeys" will be able to preserve what good fortune
brings them during their middle-age years, affording them peace of mind
in old age.
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tori
chicken
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Thinking
things through carefully helps those born in
"The Year of the Chicken" quickly learn the ways of society, bringing
success at a relatively early age. This, however, leads to pride and
the desire for luxuries, which, combined with a fickle nature, often
leads to repeated failures later on. Never really forming close bonds
with parents, "Chickens" are apt to leave home early. Good luck will
come their way 2 or 3 times during their middle-age years, but it will
be more important for them to secure the good fortune which will come
at the onset of old age.
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inu
dog
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Being honest
and possessing a strong sense of duty,
people born in "The Year of the Dog" have a high level of self-esteem
and are quite opinionated and uncompromising, making them appear to be
obstinate. Though stiff in manner, they often amaze the world by
producing a masterpiece. Those born in this year have the good fortune
of receiving help and advice from their elders and superiors. If they
follow their advice they will reap much success during their middle-age
years, but if they ignore them they will have many regrets in their old
age.
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i
boar
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People born in
"The Year of the Boar" are patient and
very ambitious, characteristics which bring many of them early
successes; but stubbornness and inflexibility cause problems that make
it difficult to hold on to successes won. A lack of generosity often
becomes a lifelong stumbling block. "Boars" face many trials in regards
to work and residence during their middle-age years, and usually end up
living far from their hometowns. These people are advised to correct
their faults and listen to the wisdom of others. If they do so they
will be able to make the most of the good fortune that comes into their
lives during old age.
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Actually, this juunishi
system was once used for not only years, but also for months, time, and
compass directions. Here is a juunishi table, which
combines the directions with a 24-hour clock:
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As can be
seen, the rat (ne) signifies midnight and north; the
horse (uma) points to noon and the south, etc.
Though very little of this is used in present-day Japan, the juunishi
kanji
for "horse" still appears in the word for "noon," and the so-called "ox
hours" — 1 to 3 a.m. — are still known as that spooky time when ghosts
make their appearance.
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Here is a juunishi
table at Iwaseo Shrine in Takamatsu. People put their contributions on
the kanji of their zodiac (birthyear) animal.
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Notes
- All 12 kanji
used in juunishi are specialized, and refer to the
animal and its branch. Completely different kanji
are used for these animals in modern Japanese.
- Some of the
readings are likewise specialized. Three of the
readings used for the animals are abbreviations, and are used only when
referring to juunishi: ne for nezumi
(rat); u for usagi (rabbit); i
for inoshishi (boar). Two have completely different
names when used in a context outside of juunishi:
"dragon" is ryuu in Japanese, and "snake" is hebi.
The readings for the remaining seven animals are the same as their
everyday names.
- The
characteristics and fortunes were translated from Takashima Ekidan's 1999
Shingu Kan Fortune Almanac, Shingu Kan, Tokyo.
© 1998 - 2008 Tim R. Matheson
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